Ryepress Etching Studio
39 High Street Hastings
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What is a Limited edition print?
The terms ‘Limited Edition Print’, ‘Original Print’ and ‘Reproduction Print’ are often confusing. Printing has always been associated with the mass production of the written word or image and so the phrase ‘original print’ seems a contradiction in terms. Limiting something which can be mass produced also attracts a certain amount of suspicion. So, why do artists produce limited edition prints?
In the early day of printing artists gratefully adopted various printing techniques to produce multiple images of their work, publicise their efforts and increase their income. These techniques developed separately from the technology of mass production printing. Engraving, etching, woodcuts, lithography and screen printing were originally cutting-edge technology but are now almost solely the preserve of artists who have become known as “printmakers”. Durer and Rembrandt probably would not have recognised the distinction between “printer” and “printmaker”. They produced multiple images the best way they could - using the best technology of the day.
These early techniques by their very nature limited the quantity of images which it was possible to produce. The physical constraints of the media used, the patience of the individuals involved and the amount of time required to print each image were all reflected in the price. Technology however moved on - and with the development of photography came the ability to reproduce images accurately and with relatively little need for the intervention of the “artist’s hand”. At the same time the industrial revolution, the blossoming of Capitalism and the appetite for mass produced goods left the individual artist and antiquated technology behind. Within the lifetime of the Impressionists (mid 1800s) the art world had changed dramatically.
‘Printmaking’ as a means of expression for the artist became distinctly separate from ‘printing’ . The term limited edition print became synonymous with hand crafted, labour intensive artworks of consequently of greater value.
Reproduction Prints
The artist also had the option of foregoing the tiresome process of producing their own prints and could have an original piece of artwork photographed and reproduced by a printer. The economies of scale meant a high minimum number of prints was needed to recoup the set up costs. In most cases the only further artistic input needed by the artist was to artificially limit the number of prints and then sign them.
Original Prints
Mainly for this reason the term original print came to mean work created directly on the plate, stone, block, or screen by the hand of artist/printmaker. The print is the original; The image created by the printmaker is just part of the process or means by which the resulting prints are produced. A complication to this is that having produced the plate, or master image the artist could of course hand the printing over to an experienced printmaker; the terms “del” (delineat – or “drawn by”) and “Imp” (impressit – printed by) were often used on old engravings to indicate this.
Giclee Printing
The recent arrival of digital technology has confused the issue even further. With a relatively inexpensive giclee printer, scanner and computer the artist is now able for the first time to produce accurate “reproduction prints” without any outside intervention, limiting the edition at his or her discretion.
The term ‘printmaker’ is accepted as referring to an artist producing prints by traditional “hand pulled” methods and for many traditional printmakers the term ‘limited edition giclee print’ is seen as a direct assault on their profession and, for the general public (who it must be said, are only just starting to accept photography as “Art”) it is all extremely confusing. Most people own a PC, an inkjet printer and a digital camera - so what is a giclee print?
Numbering of prints and Artists Proofs
Limited edition prints are traditionally signed and numbered in pencil with the edition number on the bottom left, the title in the middle and signature on the right. It is generally accepted that the printmaker can mark A/P (Artists Proof) on up to ten per cent of the edition - so an edition of 100 would have numbers 1/100 - 100/100 and an extra ten marked A/P.